Campbell, Neil A. Biology, 5th ed. Benjamin/Cummings, 1999.

Krempels, Dana M. Tiptoe Through the Taxa, 4th ed. Pearson Custom Publishing, 2000.

http://www.geo.ucalgary.ca/~macrae/palynology/dinoflagellates/dinoflagellates.html

http://www.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us/~mhenry/WREDTIDE.phtml